La Famille Ephrussi était une famille influente de commerçants et de banquiers juifs originaires d'Odessa (Empire russe), installés à Paris dans les années 1865-1870 et à Vienne, alors dans l'empire austro-hongrois. Elle a fui le régime nazi qui l'a spoliée. Le musée juif de New York présente l’exposition « The Hare with Amber Eyes » (Le Lièvre aux yeux d'ambre).
De la demeure au musée. Photographies de l'hôtel particulier du comte Moïse de Camondo en 1936
La Famille Ephrussi
« Ephrussi et Serre de la Madone » de Hugo Benamozig
La Famille Ephrussi
« Ephrussi et Serre de la Madone » de Hugo Benamozig
Charles Joachim (1792-1864) a édifié la fortune de la famille Ephrussi sur le commerce des grains. De son premier mariage, sont nés six enfants nés à Odessa. Ce patriarche décède à Vienne.
La deuxième génération prospère à Vienne, alors capitale de l'empire austro-hongrois. Là, Ignaz von Ephrussi crée en 1856 la banque Ephrussi et est construit le palais Ephrussi.
Vingt ans plus tard, des membres de la famille Ephrussi dirigent les succursales de Paris - hôtels particuliers dans la plaine Monceau et avenue d'Iéna - et de Londres.
« Die Ephrussis. Eine Zeitreise »
Le musée juif de Vienne présente l’exposition « Die Ephrussis. Eine Zeitreise » (Les Ephrussis. Voyage dans le temps » ; The Ephrussis. Travel in Time) dont les commissaires sont Gabriele Kohlbauer-Fritz et Tom Juncker. L'histoire de la famille Ephrussi et de ses voyages entre la Russie, l'Autriche, la France, la Grande-Bretagne, l'Espagne, les États-Unis, le Mexique, le Japon et d'autres pays. 
"À l'aide d'objets, de documents et d'images sélectionnés, l'ascension sociale et la puissance économique d'une famille juive européenne sont retracées, dont les descendants sont aujourd'hui dispersés à travers le monde à la suite de leur fuite du régime nazi et de leur exil. Aujourd'hui, des œuvres qui appartenaient à la famille Ephrussi se trouvent dans des musées et des collections d'art internationaux. La pièce maîtresse de l'exposition est constituée par les archives de la famille Ephrussi, que la famille de Waal a données au Musée juif, ainsi que 157 netsukes, que la famille a prêtés au musée. Le netsuke est un objet vestimentaire, artistique, utile, traditionnel japonais.
"Things and the stories that tell about the people who once collected them, held them in their hands, passed them on and found them again are the focus of the exhibition at the Jewish Museum Vienna. It examines the path and the fate of the Ephrussi family, who originated from Russia, and their voluntary and involuntary travels between Russia, Austria, France, Great Britain, Spain, the USA, Mexico, Japan and other countries. On the basis of selected objects, documents and pictures, the economic and social development of a European-Jewish family, whose descendants now live scattered throughout the world as a result of flight and expulsion during the Nazi era, is traced. Works once belonging to the family can be found today in international museums and art collections. These recall the former owners and their relationships with the artistic and intellectual circles of that time in Odessa, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Berlin, Paris, London, Madrid and other places. At the heart of the exhibition is the Ephrussi Family Archives, donated to the Jewish Museum by the De Waal family, as well as 157 netsukes the family will loan to the museum."
The Jewish Museum Vienna "follows the traces of Edmund de Waal’s bestseller The Hare with the Amber Eyes, and tells the story of the famous Ringstrasse family Ephrussi starting on November 6, 2019."The story of a family
On the basis of selected objects, documents and pictures, the economic and social development of a European-Jewish family, whose descendants now live scattered throughout the world as a result of flight and expulsion, is depicted.
A European family
"The Ephrussis left their mark all over Europe and later around the world: In Odessa, from where the family’s economic and social advancement began. In Vienna, where the family further expanded their social position and their network, married into Viennese society, and inscribed themselves in the city’s history with the building of Palais Ephrussi. In Paris, where Charles Ephrussi, art patron and art collector, inspired Marcel Proust to write his novel In Search of Lost Time, and the Dreyfus affair split French society. Despite their social standing, the Ephrussis were not immune to rising anti-Semitism and the ills of two world wars. "
"The story after 1938 ultimately tells of the robbery of the Ephrussi assets by the National Socialist regime, of the family’s expulsion from Vienna, of life in exile, and of the family’s efforts to bring about restitution, the proceedings of which continue to this day. "
A Viennese family
"Chaim Joachim Ephrussi and his sons, Ignaz and Leon, were excellent networkers who soon extended their business empire beyond the borders of Russia. In 1857, Joachim Ephrussi founded a trading house in Vienna with the permission of the Russian authorities. His younger son, Ignaz, moved his main residence to the capital of the Habsburg Empire, while the elder son, Leon, ran the company in Odessa. Through Ignaz Ephrussi’s marriage to Emilia Porges, the Ephrussis sealed their affiliation with the old-established Jewish families of Vienna. In 1871, Emperor Franz Joseph granted the Russian citizen Ignaz Ephrussi a hereditary title of nobility for his services to the city of Vienna. However, Ignaz’s son, Viktor Ritter von Ephrussi, first gave up his Russian citizenship in 1911, and acquired the right to live in Vienna."
"In 1869, Ignaz Ephrussi commissioned Theophil Hansen, the favorite architect of the Viennese bourgeoisie, to erect a mansion at Franzensring 24, today Universitätsring 14. The architect paid special attention to the design of the Belle Étage with a separate stairwell for the house owner and his family. The representation rooms were designed as a complete work of art and planned down to the smallest detail. The paintings in the ballroom are dedicated to the biblical story of Esther, perhaps as Ignaz Ephrussi’s acknowledgement to his Jewish family history."
A family in exile
"In March 1939, Viktor Ephrussi succeeded in fleeing to his daughter, Elisabeth de Waal, who lived in Great Britain. The family settled in Tunbridge Wells, where Viktor Ephrussi died on March 12, 1945. In his will he revoked the renunciation of his possessions in Vienna, which he had been coerced to sign by the Gestapo. Following the death of her father, Elisabeth de Waal established a new life with her family in the UK. They converted to the Church of England, and their eldest son, Victor de Waal, later embarked on a career as an Anglican priest. He was Dean of Canterbury from 1976 to 1986, and is active in refugee aid today."
Ignaz “Iggie” Ephrussi "left his hometown of Vienna before the “Anschluss” in 1938. After spending time in Paris and Frankfurt, he went to the United States in 1934, where he worked as a fashion designer. In 1941, he accepted US citizenship. His younger brother, Rudolph, managed to escape from Vienna to the United States in 1939. Both brothers joined the U.S. Army following the country’s entry into World War II, and returned to Europe as soldiers. Rudolph Ephrussi received the Bronze Star Medal for outstanding achievement in combat; his brother Iggie took part in the landing of the Allies in Normandy in 1944. He moved to Japan after the war and became an Austrian citizen again in 1965. Rudolph Ephrussi spent the rest of his life in the USA with his wife and six children."
En 1883, belle, cultivée, intelligente, nerveuse, la baronne Béatrice de Rothschild (1864-1934) se marie avec Maurice Ephrussi (1849-1916), milliardaire russe juif, merchant-banker originaire d’Odessa (dans l’actuelle Ukraine), qui a édifié sa fortune sur des activités bancaires et commerciales (exportation du blé). Collectionneuse d'art, la famille Ephrussi a noué des liens amicaux avec les Rothschild. "Un des cousins de son époux n'est autre que Charles Ephrussi, mécène des impressionnistes".
Maurice et Béatrice Ephrussi partagent un goût pour l’architecture, la nature et l’art. Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild affectionne le XVIIIe siècle français ou l’exotisme. Elle s’affiche en ardente dreyfusarde.
Mais ce mariage malheureux - la jeune femme est devenue stérile à la suite d’une tuberculose génitale, et son mari est passionné par les jeux – se solde par une séparation en 1904.
Sur la Côte d’Azur, un des lieux de villégiatures de l’aristocratie et de la haute bourgeoisie, Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild achète sept hectares rocheux sur la presqu’île de Cap Ferrat, à Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, et y édifie en cinq ans (1907-1912) de travaux d’arasement, de nivellement du terrain et de construction, une magnifique villa de style Renaissance italienne agrémentée de jardins et décorée avec raffinement. Prix de Rome, l’architecte Jacques Marcel Auburtin délègue à Aaron Messiah la construction de la Villa « Ile-de-France » dont le jardin épouse la forme du pont de bateau. une villa de style Renaissance,
"La Mémoire retrouvée"
Musée juif de New York
1109 5th Ave at 92nd St
New York, NY 10128
Tel. : 212.423.3200
Du jeudi au lundi de 11 h à 18 h
Visuels :
Gustave Moreau, Jason and Medea, or Jason, 1865, Oil on canvas, Musee d'Orsay, Paris, France
Installation view of The Hare with Amber Eyes. The Jewish Museum, NY. Photo: Iwan Baan
Berthe Morisot, Berthe, Jeune femme en toilette de bal (Young woman in ball gown), 1879, Oil on canvas, Musee d'Orsay, Paris, France
Masatoshi (sign.), Recumbent hare with raised forepaw, c. 1880, Ivory, buffalo horn, de Waal Family Collection
Parochet, (curtain of the Torah shrine), 1833, Silk damask, metal threads, cotton, Donated to the Stadttempel, Vienna, by Hermann Todesco, Jüdisches Museum Wien, Vienna
Jean Patricot, Charles Ephrussi, 1905, Drypoint, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C., Museum Purchase, 2016
1Gyokumin (sign.),"Ja" mask, Wood, de Waal Family Collection
Du 6 novembre 20198 au 13 avril 2020
Au Jüdische Museum der Stadt Wien
Dorotheergasse 11, 1010 Vienna
Du dimanche au vendredi de 10 h à 18 h
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Les citations sont extraites du communiqué de presse du musée. Cet article a été publié le 13 avril 2020.
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